273 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
273 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
# DevOps Stack: Self-Hosted Complete Solution
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## Overview Arsitektur
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### Stack Teknologi
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- **Server**: Hetzner Dedicated/Cloud
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- **Container Runtime**: Incus (LXD fork)
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- **Reverse Proxy**: Traefik
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- **CI/CD**: Drone CI
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- **Git Hosting**: Gitea
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- **CDN**: Cloudflare (opsional untuk public sites)
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### Filosofi Desain
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Stack ini dirancang untuk memberikan solusi DevOps yang lengkap, self-hosted, dengan fokus pada:
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- **Performance**: Near-native performance dengan minimal overhead
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- **Isolation**: Perfect project isolation menggunakan container
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- **Simplicity**: Tools yang lightweight dan mudah dikelola
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- **Cost-effectiveness**: Single server untuk multiple projects
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- **Scalability**: Horizontal scaling dengan container spawning
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## Komponen Utama
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### 1. Incus - Container Runtime
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#### Keunggulan Incus
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- **Community-driven**: Fork dari LXD dengan governance yang lebih terbuka
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- **Lightweight**: Overhead minimal dibanding full virtualization
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- **Fast startup**: Container boot dalam 1-2 detik
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- **System containers**: Full OS experience dalam container
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- **OCI support**: Dapat menjalankan Docker images langsung
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#### Perbandingan dengan Alternatif
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- **vs Docker**: Better isolation, persistent by default, system containers
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- **vs LXD**: Better packaging, community governance, faster development
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- **vs VMs**: Much lighter overhead, faster startup, better density
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- **vs Proxmox**: Simpler management, better CI/CD integration
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#### Use Cases
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- **Project isolation**: Setiap client/project mendapat container terpisah
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- **CI/CD environments**: Ephemeral containers untuk testing
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- **Development environments**: Consistent development setups
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- **Multi-tenancy**: Perfect isolation antara different workloads
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### 2. Traefik - Reverse Proxy & Load Balancer
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#### Mengapa Traefik
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- **Auto-discovery**: Automatically detects new containers
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- **Dynamic configuration**: No manual config updates needed
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- **Let's Encrypt**: Automatic SSL certificate management
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- **Modern architecture**: Cloud-native design
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- **Dashboard**: Built-in monitoring interface
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#### Perbandingan dengan Alternatif
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- **vs Nginx**: More dynamic, less manual configuration
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- **vs HAProxy**: Better container integration, easier setup
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- **vs CF Zero Trust**: Direct connection, better performance
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#### Traffic Handling
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- **Domain-based routing**: Multiple websites pada satu server
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- **Load balancing**: Multiple containers per aplikasi
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- **SSL termination**: Centralized certificate management
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- **Health checks**: Automatic unhealthy container removal
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### 3. Drone CI - Continuous Integration
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#### Keunggulan Drone
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- **Container-native**: Perfect match dengan Incus
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- **Lightweight**: Minimal resource usage (~200MB)
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- **YAML pipelines**: Simple configuration
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- **Plugin ecosystem**: Extensible dengan community plugins
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- **Real-time logs**: Live build monitoring
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#### Perbandingan dengan Alternatif
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- **vs Jenkins**: Much lighter, container-native
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- **vs GitLab CI**: Simpler, less resource hungry
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- **vs GitHub Actions**: Self-hosted, no usage limits
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#### Pipeline Architecture
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- **Build isolation**: Each build dalam fresh container
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- **Parallel execution**: Multiple steps berjalan bersamaan
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- **Service containers**: Database containers untuk testing
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- **Artifact management**: Build results storage
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- **Deployment integration**: Direct deployment ke Incus
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### 4. Gitea - Git Hosting
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#### Mengapa Gitea
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- **Lightweight**: ~500MB memory usage
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- **Self-hosted**: Complete control atas code repositories
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- **GitHub-like**: Familiar interface dan features
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- **No limits**: Unlimited private repositories
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- **Fast**: Written in Go, excellent performance
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#### Perbandingan dengan Alternatif
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- **vs GitLab CE**: Much lighter resource usage
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- **vs GitHub**: Self-hosted, no usage limits
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- **vs Forgejo**: Gitea lebih stable, larger community
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#### Features
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- **Git hosting**: Standard Git operations
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- **Issue tracking**: Bug dan feature request management
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- **Pull requests**: Code review workflow
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- **Organizations**: Multi-team management
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- **Webhooks**: CI/CD integration
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### 5. Cloudflare CDN - Content Delivery (Opsional)
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#### Kapan Menggunakan CDN
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- **Public websites**: Customer-facing websites
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- **Static assets**: Images, CSS, JavaScript files
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- **Global audience**: Users dari berbagai geografis
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- **Performance critical**: Website speed penting
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#### Kapan Skip CDN
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- **Internal tools**: Admin panels, internal APIs
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- **Dynamic content**: APIs dengan personalized responses
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- **Regional audience**: Users mostly dari satu region
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- **Cost sensitivity**: Ingin minimal external dependencies
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## Workflow Development
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### Daily Development Flow
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1. **Developer workflow**: Code locally → Git push ke Gitea
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2. **CI trigger**: Gitea webhook memicu Drone pipeline
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3. **Testing**: Drone spawns test containers, runs tests
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4. **Build**: Application build dalam isolated environment
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5. **Deploy**: Successful builds deployed ke staging/production containers
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6. **Routing**: Traefik automatically routes traffic ke new containers
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### Environment Management
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- **Development**: Local development containers
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- **Staging**: Staging containers untuk testing
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- **Production**: Production containers untuk live traffic
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- **Feature branches**: Temporary containers untuk feature testing
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### Deployment Strategies
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- **Blue-green**: Old dan new containers running, switch traffic
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- **Rolling updates**: Gradual replacement containers
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- **Canary releases**: Small percentage traffic ke new version
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- **Rollback**: Quick revert ke previous container snapshots
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## Multi-Project Architecture
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### Project Isolation Strategy
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Setiap project/client mendapat:
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- **Dedicated containers**: App dan database containers terpisah
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- **Isolated networks**: Network segmentation per project
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- **Resource limits**: CPU dan memory allocation per project
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- **Independent backups**: Snapshot dan backup per project
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### Resource Management
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- **Resource allocation**: Fair sharing antara projects
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- **Monitoring**: Per-project resource usage tracking
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- **Scaling**: Independent scaling per project needs
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- **Billing**: Resource usage tracking untuk client billing
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### Security Considerations
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- **Network isolation**: Projects tidak bisa access satu sama lain
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- **Secret management**: Per-project environment variables
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- **Access control**: Developer access permissions per project
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- **Audit logging**: Track access dan changes per project
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## Performance Considerations
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### Container Performance
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- **Native performance**: Near-bare-metal performance
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- **Memory efficiency**: Shared kernel, lower overhead
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- **Fast I/O**: Direct filesystem access
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- **Network performance**: Native Linux networking
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### Scaling Strategies
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- **Horizontal scaling**: Add more application containers
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- **Vertical scaling**: Increase container resource limits
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- **Database scaling**: Read replicas, connection pooling
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- **Caching**: Redis containers untuk application caching
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### Monitoring & Observability
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- **Container metrics**: CPU, memory, disk usage per container
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- **Application metrics**: Custom application metrics
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- **Log aggregation**: Centralized logging across containers
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- **Alerting**: Automated alerts untuk issues
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## Backup & Disaster Recovery
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### Backup Strategy
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- **Container snapshots**: Point-in-time container states
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- **Database dumps**: Regular database backups
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- **Configuration backups**: CI/CD configuration dan secrets
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- **Automated scheduling**: Daily/weekly backup schedules
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### Disaster Recovery
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- **RTO (Recovery Time Objective)**: Target recovery time
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- **RPO (Recovery Point Objective)**: Acceptable data loss
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- **Backup restoration**: Quick container restoration process
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- **Geographic backup**: Off-site backup storage
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## Security Best Practices
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### Container Security
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- **User namespaces**: Non-root containers
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- **Resource limits**: Prevent resource exhaustion
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- **Network policies**: Restrict container communication
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- **Image scanning**: Vulnerability scanning untuk base images
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### Access Control
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- **SSH key management**: Secure server access
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- **VPN/Zero Trust**: Secure admin access
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- **Role-based access**: Different permission levels
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- **Audit trails**: Log all administrative actions
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### Data Protection
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- **Encryption at rest**: Encrypted storage volumes
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- **Encryption in transit**: TLS untuk all communications
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- **Secret management**: Secure environment variables
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- **Regular updates**: Security patch management
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## Cost Optimization
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### Server Sizing
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- **Right-sizing**: Match server specs dengan workload
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- **Resource utilization**: Monitor dan optimize resource usage
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- **Scaling timing**: Scale up saat necessary, scale down saat possible
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### Operational Efficiency
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- **Automation**: Reduce manual operational overhead
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- **Monitoring**: Proactive issue detection
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- **Maintenance windows**: Scheduled maintenance procedures
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- **Documentation**: Comprehensive operational documentation
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## Migration Planning
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### From Existing Infrastructure
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- **Assessment**: Current infrastructure evaluation
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- **Migration strategy**: Phased migration approach
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- **Testing**: Extensive testing sebelum cutover
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- **Rollback plan**: Contingency planning
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### Data Migration
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- **Database migration**: Schema dan data transfer
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- **File migration**: Application files dan assets
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- **Configuration migration**: Settings dan environment variables
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- **DNS cutover**: Traffic redirection planning
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## Maintenance & Operations
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### Regular Maintenance
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- **System updates**: OS dan package updates
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- **Container updates**: Base image updates
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- **Security patches**: Regular security updates
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- **Performance tuning**: Optimization berdasarkan metrics
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### Troubleshooting
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- **Log analysis**: Centralized log analysis
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- **Performance debugging**: Container performance issues
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- **Network issues**: Connectivity troubleshooting
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- **Storage issues**: Disk space dan I/O problems
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### Capacity Planning
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- **Growth projections**: Anticipated resource needs
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- **Scaling thresholds**: When to add resources
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- **Hardware planning**: Future server requirements
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- **Budget planning**: Cost projections
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## Conclusion
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Stack ini menyediakan solusi DevOps yang lengkap dan modern dengan:
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- **Complete self-hosting**: No vendor lock-in
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- **Professional grade**: Enterprise-level features
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- **Cost effective**: Single server untuk multiple projects
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- **Scalable**: Growth-ready architecture
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- **Maintainable**: Simple operations dan troubleshooting
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Perfect untuk development teams yang ingin complete control atas infrastructure dengan modern tooling dan practices. |